Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs in HIV Positive Patients

Abstract

Background: HIV infection is the single greatest risk factor for developingtuberculosis, proving the existence of synergy between the two diseases. The riskof tuberculosis (TB) infection is more than ten times higher for those living with HIVthan it is for people who do not have the virus. Since the emergence and widespreaddissemination of HIV, the world has seen a dramatic shift in the prevalence oftuberculosis.Objective: The main purpose of this prospective study was to examine the efficacyand safety of anti-tuberculosis medications in a cohort of individuals who are HIVpositiveand also have tuberculosis.Methodology: The study took place between September 2020 and February 2021 atLiaquat University of Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan. Our attention shifted tothe treatment of individuals suffering from tuberculosis, specifically regarding itsefficacy and safety, as an essential aspect of an ongoing study evaluatingopportunistic infections (OIs) among HIV-positive patients. In order to carefullyTo choose suitable participants for our study, we used purposive sampling and oneyear's prevalence data. This single-center trial was designed to prospectively followpatients for a year while examining clinical development, OI outcomes, and theprecise safety and efficacy profile of the medications delivered.Results: Only 69 of the 100 patients who voluntarily participated tested positive fortuberculosis, with the vast majority (59) being adults and the remaining (10) beingchildren. When comparing both genders, men made up a larger share (66.6%). Theabdominal form of tuberculosis was the most prevalent extrapulmonary form.affecting 45 individuals (65.2%). All patients received medical treatment inaccordance with NTP guidelines, as suggested by the National AIDS ControlProgramme (NACP) of Pakistan. Of the 60 patients (86.1%) who had evaluatedoutcomes for their TB therapy, the vast majority were successful, whereas 10 patientsunfortunately passed away. The most common adverse drug response (ADR) in thisgroup was urine staining, which occurred in 57 individuals (82.6%) out of a total of129 ADRs.Conclusion: Abdominal tuberculosis is the most prevalent form of this opportunisticillness in HIV-positive people. Anti-tuberculosis medications were shown to be safeand effective for the vast majority of individuals in this research.