Evaluation of Drug Resistance Patterns in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Tuberculosis Patients
Keywords:
Tuberculosis, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, DST, First Line Anti-TB DrugsAbstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, particularly in high-burden countries like Pakistan. The emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains has severely compromised treatment success. Early detection of resistance to first-line anti-TB drugs is crucial for effective management. Objective: To determine drug susceptibility patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates, from Tuberculosis patients. Methodology:This study included 280 patients with confirmed pulmonary TB from January to December 2023. We processed sputum samples using the NALC-NaOH method and cultured them on Lowenstein-Jensen medium. We tested for drug susceptibility to isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and streptomycin using the proportion method. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 26.0, setting the significance level at p < 0.05. Results:Out of 280 isolates, 96 (34.3%) showed resistance to at least one first-line anti-TB drug. Isoniazid resistance was most common (16.4%), followed by streptomycin (13.6%), ethambutol (11.8%), and rifampicin (4.3%). Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) was detected in 6.1% of cases, with significantly higher prevalence among previously treated patients (p = 0.001). Conclusion:The present study concluded that anti-TB drug resistance is very important in TB patients, especially in those who have been treated previously. In the present study, Isoniazid resistance was particularly common, showing the importance of regular drug susceptibility testing. Early detection and customized treatment plans are vital to prevent the spread of resistant TB strains. Improving diagnostic capacity is crucial for effective TB control.References
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