Anatomical Variations in Lung Fissures and Lobes: A Study of Indigenous Cadaveric Findings

Abstract

Background: The consistent enlargement of the lungs is caused by pulmonary fissures. Lobar variance can be caused by complete, partial, or missing fissures. It takes a thorough understanding of the differences between classical and accessory fissures to properly interpret pulmonary radiographs. Objective: To study the Indigenous Cadaveric Variations in Lung Fissures and Lobes Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study, including 100 cadaveric lung specimens from the Department of Anatomy, Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan, was carried out. The study duration was six months from June 2020 to January 2021. The study samples were preserved according to standard procedure, and lung lobes and fissures were examined. Data were compiled and categorized according to the international grading classification system. All data was entered into SPSS V 20 for analysis, and the level of p < 0.05 was considered statistical significance. Results: 73% of the right lung and 75% of the left lung were normal out of 100. When compared to oblique fissures, horizontal fissures demonstrated greater variability among the variants. Horizontal cracks were found to be partial in 20% of the specimens from the right side and completely missing in 5% of the specimens. Incomplete oblique fissures were present in 16% of the specimens on the left side and just 3% of the specimens on the right. In comparison to specimens on the right, accessory fissures were more prevalent in specimens on the left side. Conclusion: When conducting radiological or surgical procedures, it’s crucial to recognize that anatomical variations in lung fissures and lobes are common. Awareness of these morphological differences can enhance diagnostic accuracy, refine surgical planning, and improve patient outcomes. By considering possible deviations from typical anatomy, clinicians can ensure safer, more precise, and effective care.