Role of pneumococcal and influenza vaccine in prevention and vitamin E with beta carotene in treatment of pneumonia in patients with COPD

Abstract

Background: In COPD management, preventing pneumonia with vaccines (pneumococcal, influenza) is crucial. This sets the stage for exploring Vitamin E and Beta Carotene's therapeutic potential in treating pneumonia among COPD patients, underscoring the importance of comprehensive respiratory care strategies. Objectives: The objectives of the present study are to evaluate the impact of influenza vaccination on severe acute exacerbations in COPD patients aged 50 and above, assess the influence of pneumococcal vaccination on pneumonia episodes in COPD patients, and examine the potential correlation between vitamin E supplementation with beta-carotene and a reduction in severe exacerbations in COPD patients. Methodology: This study enrolled 300 COPD patients aged 50 and above, ensuring representation by including participants from diverse healthcare settings. The sample size determination, informed by effect sizes from prior studies, enhances statistical power. Rigorous attention to ethical considerations is evident, with adherence to strict guidelines and Qazi hospital review board approval. Results: Annual influenza vaccination is associated with a statistically significant reduction in exacerbations (p-value = 0.027). Pneumococcal vaccination shows a noteworthy 15% reduction in pneumonia episodes. Vitamin E supplementation demonstrates promise with a potential 12% reduction in exacerbations, and betacarotene supplementation suggests a 5% improvement in FEV1. Logistic regression analyses confirm independent associations of influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations with reduced exacerbations and pneumonia episodes, respectively. Adverse events, reported in 12% of participants, are detailed, providing a comprehensive overview of intervention safety.