Beyond Snoring: Evaluating Treatment Approaches and Severity in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Abstract

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by recurrent upper airway obstructions during sleep, leading to disrupted breathing and significant health risks. The condition is increasingly common, particularly among older adults, men, and postmenopausal women, with contributing factors such as age, lifestyle, and comorbidities. Effective management of OSA includes treatment options such as CPAP, BiPAP, lifestyle modifications, and surgical interventions. However, patient adherence and follow-up remain significant challenges. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate treatment modalities for OSA at Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, including CPAP, BiPAP, lifestyle modifications, and surgical interventions. It also seeks to compare treatments across different OSA severity categories and examine the prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe OSA in the population. Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted on 66 patients diagnosed with OSA based on polysomnography at the Department of Pulmonology, Lady Reading Hospital, between 2022 and 2023. Demographic data, comorbid conditions, symptom duration, and treatment modalities were analyzed. Severity was assessed using the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI). Descriptive statistics and Chi-Square tests were used to examine treatment distribution, adherence, and follow-up. Results: Most patients were aged 41-70 (81.82%), with moderate OSA (43.94%) being the most common severity. CPAP was prescribed to 39.39%, and BiPAP to 18.18%. Treatment adherence was low, with 5 patients lost to follow-up, and 7 refusing CPAP/BiPAP. Conclusion: The study highlights the challenges of treatment adherence in OSA management. It underscores the need for better patient education, follow-up, and strategies to improve long-term outcomes for OSA patients.